{"id":4857,"date":"2014-10-14T08:26:42","date_gmt":"2014-10-14T08:26:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/?p=4857"},"modified":"2017-08-01T02:43:41","modified_gmt":"2017-08-01T02:43:41","slug":"hanh-trinh-kham-pha-phao-dai-masada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/hanh-trinh-kham-pha-phao-dai-masada\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh Tr\u00ecnh Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 Ph\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0i Masada"},"content":{"rendered":"

Masada nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i n\u1eb1m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Israel v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft. Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do vua Herod \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 40 TCN \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 30 SCN tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5y ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. N\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 400m so v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y d\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 100m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Ph\u00e1o<\/a>

Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Masada<\/p><\/div>\n

Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t, m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng 300m x 600m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh thoi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Vua Herod I cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2n n\u00fai n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i: bao b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 40 th\u00e1p. B\u00ean trong b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 kho, chu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1a, nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kho\u00e9t v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch n\u00fai. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb v\u00e2y h\u00e3m, trong ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 12 b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

\"C\u1eadn<\/a>

C\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Masada v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/p><\/div>\n

V\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau khi vua Herod ch\u1ebft (n\u0103m 4 SCN), ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i b\u1ecb v\u00e2y h\u00e3m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i La M\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 70 SCN. Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc La M\u00e3 g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i Flavius Josephus \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e2y h\u00e3m ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Masada trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cCu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Do Th\u00e1i\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 70 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 73, sau khi \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u1ea1i Jerusalem b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7, 973 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o Zelot \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh 15.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh La M\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Flavius Silva trong ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Masada. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 4km bao b\u1ecdc chung quanh ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb v\u00e2y h\u00e3m v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 cho d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 8 doanh tr\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay di t\u00edch v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Qua b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed qua th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u0169y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

\"N\u01a1i<\/a>

N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf b\u1ecf qua c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch Malaysia<\/a> hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0 \u00a0kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u00dac<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Theo t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Flavius Josephus, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb v\u00e2y h\u00e3m \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef. Khi qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh La M\u00e3 x\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 5 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Masada \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho l\u00f2ng mong mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

\"Kh\u00e1ch<\/a>

Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1p treo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Masada<\/p><\/div>\n

Sau khi th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, ph\u00e1i d\u00e0i Masada b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu s\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Byzantine \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y. Ph\u00e1o d\u00e0i b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u0103m 1838 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Yigael Yadin.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Masada \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Flavius Josephus v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong tranh c\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra chung quanh ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Israel.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Masada mang \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5<\/p><\/div>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, Masada l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng cho du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft, sa m\u1ea1c Negev v\u00e0 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o En Gedi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 2001, Masada \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n V\u0103n ho\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Masada nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i n\u1eb1m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Israel v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft. Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do vua Herod \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9717,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-4857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kinh-nghiem","tag-du-lich-chau-a-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4857"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9719,"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4857\/revisions\/9719"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dulichvtv.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}